The Sumerian Civilization emerged upon the flood plain of the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers about 4000 BC. The social structure of the Sumerians was decidedly different from other societies of that and later times.
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| Sumerian Civilization Map. |
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| The Sumerian Architect. |
The Sumerian communities were city states organised around a temple and ruled by a priesthood.. The temple grounds were separated from the rest of the city.
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| Irrigation system of Sumerians. |
The cities of Sumer were the first to practice intensive, year - round agriculture. They developed core agricultural techniques including large - scale intensive cultivation of land, mono-cropping, organised irrigation, and the use of a specialised labour force.
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| The Cuneiform Language |
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| The Old Buildings of Sumerian Civilization. |
In addition to the priests and peasants, there was a class of craftsmen, who devoted most of their time to producing things for either the temples or the warrior-soldiers who protected the temple community. With wars of défense, the role of the warriors was manifested in the rule of kings.
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| Some Inventions of Sumerians ( Sun Clock ). |
The Sumerians made the world's first boats, using the canal system, for easy waterborne transportation of people, goods, and cattle.
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| The Goddess of Sumerians. |
" Sumer Had devised the system of structural violence that would prevail in every single agrarian state until the modern period, when agriculture ceased to be economic basis of civilization. ".
—Karen Armstrong.
